Copyright and Licensing

Authors retain copyright. By accepting publication, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive right to publish and identify the article as part of the journal’s scholarly record.

New articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0). It permits sharing and adaptation, including commercial reuse, provided users credit the author, identify the source, link to the licence and indicate changes. Reuse must not imply author endorsement or impose additional restrictions.

Third-party material identified as excluded from the licence may require separate permission. Other rights, including privacy and publicity rights, may still apply.

Historical print articles are assigned this licence only when the rights holder has authorised it; otherwise their item-specific rights statement governs.

Attribution

Include author names, article title, journal title, original publication year, volume, issue and pages where available, the article URL, and the licence link. For digitised print articles, retain the original citation and identify the digital edition where relevant.